In this paper, the finite element model of cable-beam structure is established to study the linear and nonlinear vibration of cable-stayed bridge. Firstly, the modal analysis of the structure is carried out, and it is found that the vibration of the structure shows global modes, local modes and coupled modes, and the natural frequencies of the cable and the beam interact with each other, which has a greater impact on the low order frequency and a lesser impact on the high order frequency. Secondly, the free vibration and forced vibration of cable-beam structure are simulated by finite element software. The results show that during the entire free vibration process, the frequency first increases and then decreases, and is ultimately smaller than the true frequency. In the forced vibration, abundant nonlinear vibration phenomena are observed, including subharmonic resonance and internal resonance of the cable, which are qualitatively verified with previous experimental and theoretical results. It provides a reference for nonlinear dynamics analysis of cablestayed bridge.