There are a large number of meteoroids and space debris in space. The growing space objects will undoubtedly bring formidable challenges and negative impacts on the security of future space missions. This article reviews the evolution of meteoroid and space debris models, elaborates on the main characteristics and application scope of each model, and focuses on the rational use of different models from the occurrence of the fragmentation event to the evolution of the total amount of space debris in the future. The paper also studies the relationship between space events and models, compares the advantages and disadvantages of different models, offers scenariospecific suggestions on model selection, and finally envisages China’s own space system model in the future.