Misalignment of rotor system is one of the common faults in rotating machineries, which often leads to serious abnormal vibrations and even causes catastrophic consequences. It stands out that misalignment is one of the important issues for theoretical and engineering demand, especially for aeroengine rotor system with flexible supports, inner and outer multirotor, and the particularity of dynamics. Firstly, for misalignments of coupling and supports, the modeling approaches and representative research achievements in dynamics and vibration properties of misaligned rotor system are reviewed in this paper. Secondly, only a few researches on the dynamics of spline coupling and elastic supporting components in aeroengine rotor system are discussed in detail. On this basis, for specific structure characteristics of rotor system for aeroengine, the cause and pattern classification of misalignment are investigated, respectively. In addition, the dynamic models for coupling and support misalignment are established, and the corresponding vibration characteristics are then analyzed.