In this study, based on the complete nonlinear mathematical model obtained from the generalized Hamilton principle of isotropic thermoelastic beams with voids and the aerodynamic pressure loading presented by the first order modified piston theory, the governing differential equations and the deterministic conditions of solutions for a thermoelastic beam with fixed ends and located in a high speed or an ultra high speed flow are presented, which are expressed by the axial and lateral displacements and the two “moments” defined by changes of the volume fraction of voids and the temperature field. In order to consider the nonlinear aeroelastic characteristic of the thermoelastic beam with voids subjected to the transverse loading and aerodynamic pressure loading, the differential quadrature method is applied to discretize the governing differential equations on the spatial domains, and a system of ordinary differential equations with respect to time is yielded and solved through the fourth order Runge Kutta method. From this, the aeroelastic characteristic of the beam is studied and the effect of parameters is considered as well.