Rich calcium oscillation patterns are frequently observed in neuronal physiological experiments. Various mechanisms for generating these phenomena，including exchanging among calcium storing compartments (such as cellular cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and calcium binding proteins) and regulating roles of different types of calcium channels， were summarized, and the mathematical expressions of these mechanisms were given. Three representative nonlinear dynamical models of calcium oscillations were introduced in order to concern the coupling with voltage dynamics, the exchange of calcium fluxes, and the oscillation of the messenger IP3, respectively. Complex dynamical behaviors were discussed with regard to the first model, which is of importance for neuroscience. Conclusions and some proposals were presented for the study of nonlinear dynamics of neuronal calcium oscillations in the future.