From a convolution type constitutive model of viscoelastic solids with damage, the equations governing the static-dynamic behaviors of viscoelastic Timoshenko beams with damage are presented under the case of finite deflections. The Galerkin method was firstly applied to simplify the set of equations and a set of ordinary-differential equations were obtained. The numerical methods in nonlinear dynamics, such as Phase-trajectory figures and Poincare sections were used to solve the simplified system. The influences of the load parameters on the dynamic behavior of nonlinear viscoelastic Timoshenko beams with damage were investigated. In particular, the effects of the damage on the dynamical behaviors of viscoelastic Timoshenko beams were considered.